Avian sex determination is a DNA-based test that identifies the bird’s sex by analyzing differences in sex chromosomes (Z and W). Male birds possess two identical sex chromosomes (ZZ), while females have two different ones (ZW). Highly conserved genetic sequences exist on these chromosomes across many bird species, and the difference between males and females can be detected using PCR amplification. In this process, females produce two DNA fragments of different sizes, while males yield a single fragment. This test is highly accurate and widely used for precise sex identification in birds of all ages and species.

Chlamydophila is a systemic disease caused by the bacterium Chlamydia psittaci. The disease may present as asymptomatic or chronic, but in severe cases, it can become acute and life-threatening, with high mortality rates.

Polyomavirus is a viral disease caused by the Avian Polyomavirus (APV), a member of the Papovaviridae family. The virus primarily affects very young birds and can lead to rapid death within 24 to 48 hours. Adult birds are usually resistant to infection — they typically develop antibodies and are able to clear the virus from their system within up to 90 days.

PBFD is a viral disease caused by the Psittacine Circovirus.
It affects most parrot species as well as other birds, including songbirds and pigeons.
Often referred to as a “childhood disease” in birds, PBFD primarily impacts young birds under the age of three.